Caddis Overview

Overview: Caddisflies are one of the most diverse and widespread aquatic insects, essential to trout diets throughout the year. Found in nearly every freshwater environment, caddisflies undergo a complete metamorphosis with three primary life stages of interest to anglers: larvae, pupae, and adults. With their case-building and free-living habits, caddisflies are active year-round and provide consistent fishing opportunities, particularly during their prolific hatches in spring and summer.

Larval Stage (Nymph): Caddisfly larvae vary greatly in size, typically ranging from 1/4 to 1 inch long. Their coloration depends on the species but often includes shades of green, brown, or tan. Case-building caddisflies construct protective coverings from sand, twigs, or pebbles, while free-living species remain exposed. Larval imitations are tied on hook sizes 12 to 16 and are best fished near the bottom using a dead drift. Adding weight or fishing them under an indicator can help keep the fly in the strike zone near rocks and debris where trout search for food.

Pupal Stage (Emerging Caddis): Caddis pupae are transitional forms that swim from the riverbed to the surface to emerge as adults. They are slightly smaller than larvae, averaging 1/4 to 3/4 inch, with soft, translucent bodies in shades of tan, green, or brown. Patterns tied on hook sizes 14 to 18 imitate pupae effectively. Fish them during pre-hatch periods using a lift-and-swing presentation to mimic their natural ascent.

Adult Stage (Dry): Adult caddisflies are 1/4 to 1/2 inch long, with slender, slightly curved bodies and tent-like wings. Colors range from tan and brown to olive and black, depending on the species. Dry fly imitations tied on hook sizes 14 to 18 are ideal during hatches or egg-laying activity. Fish them on a dead drift or with slight skitters to imitate their fluttering behavior. Focus on riffles and seams where trout rise to intercept adults as they lay eggs or return to the water.